morteza keshmiri; Freshteh Mootabi; ladan fata; Mohsen Kachoeei
Abstract
Abstract Purpose: Shame is one of the self-conscious emotions that play an important role in human life. Due to the lack of contextual and cultural knowledge in this field, the present study aimed to explain the concept of shame in the non-clinical population and to provide a conceptual model for it. ...
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Abstract Purpose: Shame is one of the self-conscious emotions that play an important role in human life. Due to the lack of contextual and cultural knowledge in this field, the present study aimed to explain the concept of shame in the non-clinical population and to provide a conceptual model for it. Method: This was a qualitative research study, which was performed using the grounded theory method. Participants included 16 adults (8 men and 8 women). The selection of participants was initially purposeful and then based on theoretical sampling. Data were collected using unstructured in-depth interviews. Corbin and Strauss’ (2014) method and the MAXQDA software (2018) was used to analyze the data. Findings: According to our results, the three main categories in describing participants' experiences of shame were "internalized judgment", "humiliation" and "duplicity". Also, the experience of shame has been associated with a variety of strategies that they used to avoid or get rid of shame. The consequences of these strategies were summarized in two categories: "duplicity" and "negative attitude toward self" along with three subcategories: "incompetence", "inadequacy" and "being different". Conclusions: shame in the non-clinical population was studied in more depth, the results of which showed a significant effect of this emotion on the quality of life. The importance of educational interventions in managing this emotion is also discussed.
morteza keshmiri; Freshteh Mootabi; ladan fata; mohsen Kachooei
Abstract
Background: Shame is one of the emotions that a person experiences in a variety of everyday situations and many cases it is annoying. Shame is known as a moral emotion, yet its role in psychopathology has been emphasized. This study aimed to examine the lived experience of shame in individuals. Methods: ...
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Background: Shame is one of the emotions that a person experiences in a variety of everyday situations and many cases it is annoying. Shame is known as a moral emotion, yet its role in psychopathology has been emphasized. This study aimed to examine the lived experience of shame in individuals. Methods: This research is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. This research describes in-depth what shame is and how it is experienced from the perspective of individuals. The participants included eight men and seven women who contributed to an in-depth unstructured interview. A seven-step Colaizzi method was used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA software (2018). Results: Based on our findings, the eight themes of "physical reactions", "accompanying emotions", "making mistakes", "vicarious shame", "gaze of others", "being subject to judgment", " preoccupation" and three sub-themes of "worry", "rumination" and "blame", "existential shame" with the sub-themes of "inadequacy" and "feeling different" are the most common ones in people's experience of shame. Conclusion: Results are discussed regarding the existing literature. In general, the study of people's experience of shame shows that there are common themes in the description of different people from what they have experienced. The use of shame as a concept in psychotherapy may improve our understanding of the nature of some psychological problems.
Fateme Forouzesh Yekta; Hamid Yaghubi; Fereshte Mootabi; Rasol Roshan; Mohammad Gholami Fesharak; Abdollah Omidi
Abstract
Enhancement of marital satisfaction is an important approach for improvement of family cohesion and community health. The aim of the present research was to study the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction program on psychological distress, emotion regulation and enhancement of marital satisfaction ...
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Enhancement of marital satisfaction is an important approach for improvement of family cohesion and community health. The aim of the present research was to study the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction program on psychological distress, emotion regulation and enhancement of marital satisfaction in women. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest-follow up design with control group. Statistical population included every married woman with more than 18 years of age in Tehran in the year 1396. Research sample was composed of 60 married women with moderate marital satisfaction. They were chosen using convenient sampling technique and were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Experimental group took apparent in eight 90-minute sessions, mindfulness based Stress Reduction program. Participants answered Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS, Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS, Gratz & Roemer, 2004) and the Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI, Funk & Rogge, 2007) in three stages of pretest, posttest and follow up. Data was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA test. Results demonstrated that mindfulness-based stress reduction program had an influence on improvement of psychological distress (F=8.65, p<0.01), emotion regulation (F=31.39, p<0.0001) and marital satisfaction (F=19.92, p<0.0001) in married women. Accordingly, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction program while reducing psychological distress and increasing emotional adjustment skills in women, may have beneficial effects for couple therapy and can be used as one of the methods for promoting marital relationship. Mindfulness training may have beneficial effects for couples' therapy and relationship enhancement.
fereshte momeni; shahriar shahidi; fereshte mootabi; mahmood heydari
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive- Behavior (CBT) group therapy (Borkovec model) and mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on signs and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and cognitive mediators. An experimental design with control group and random ...
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The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive- Behavior (CBT) group therapy (Borkovec model) and mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on signs and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and cognitive mediators. An experimental design with control group and random assignment using pre and post-test and a four month follow up was used. The statistical population comprised of women with generalized anxiety disorder who had at least one primary school age daughter in Tehran. Participants’ selection was based on availability. First of all, several primary girl schools were purposefully selected from all primary girl school of Tehran. All mothers were asked to complete the GAD-7 questionnaire. Those mothers who scored above the cut- off point of seven were selected as generalized anxiety disorder (91 women). This was confirmed by a diagnostic structured interview after which participants were asked to take part in the research (32 women). In this research the following measurement tools were used: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Pennsylvania State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), Why Worry Scale (WW-II), data were analyzed using repeated measure analyze of variance. Results showed that both CBT and MBCT were effective in reducing GAD signs and symptoms and its cognitive mediators in post- test and follow up. so these two methods were effective in reducing GAD signs and symptoms and its cognitive mediators
